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Computational Cognitive Science

@compcogsci.bsky.social

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Account of the Computational Cognitive Science Lab at Donders Institute, Radboud University

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@olivia.scienceOct 12, 2026, 7:25 AMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

ok, as promised my take (part 1 of N) on (scholarly) reading skills:

> so you must understand that you are entering another world. Think of it a little like stepping into another person’s house. You cannot open random doors and expect the kitchen to be where yours is.

critical.computer/reading/

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 12, 2026, 7:06 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

"We can and must resist and you are not alone"

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 12, 2026, 6:34 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

Sigaret box with a sigaret stick out with “AI" on it. On the box it says:      Using this puts you at risk of:
Misinformation
Violating copyright
Plagiarising
Exploitation of workers
Deskilling yourself
Spreading stereotypes
Contributing to pollution
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialSep 30, 2026, 8:28 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

“Many of our contemporaries now want to combine the worst of these two worlds [i.e., Psychology and Artificial Intelligence].

What could possibly go wrong?

Quite a lot.”

📝
journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.... cc @olivia.science

Combining Psychology With Artificial Intelligence: What Could Possibly Go Wrong?

Abstract
The current AI hype cycle combined with psychology’s various crises make for a perfect storm. Psychology, on the one hand, has a history of weak theoretical foundations, a neglect for computational and formal skills, and a hyperempiricist privileging of experimental tasks and testing for effects. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, has a history of conflating artifacts for theories of cognition, or even minds themselves, and its engineering offspring likes to move fast and break things. Many of our contemporaries now want to combine the worst of these two worlds. What could possibly go wrong? Quite a lot. Does this mean that psychology and artificial intelligence can best part ways? Not at all. There are very fruitful ways in which the two disciplines can interact and theoretically contribute to cognitive science, for instance, by studying the scope and limits of computational models of human cognition. But to reap the fruits, one needs to understand how to steer clear of potential traps.

Keywords
theoretical psychology, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computationalism, epistemology
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialSep 30, 2026, 8:24 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

✨ Published version ✨

Iris van Rooij & Olivia Guest (2026). Combining Psychology with Artificial Intelligence: What Could Possibly Go Wrong? journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
@olivia.science

Thread with highlights 🧵

Figure 1
Illustration of why AI systems cannot realistically scale to human cognition within the foreseeable future: (b) Human cognitive capacities (such as reasoning, communication, problem solving, learning, concept formation, planning etc.) can handle unbounded situations across many domains, ranging from simple to complex. (a) Engineers create AI systems using machine learning from human data. (d) In an attempt to approximate human cognition a lot of data is consumed. (c) Making AI systems that approximate human cognition is intractable (van Rooij, Guest, et al., 2024), i.e., the required resources (e.g. time, data) grows prohibitively fast as input domains get more complex, leading to diminishing returns. (a) Any existing AI system is
created in limited time (hours, months or years, not millennia or eons). Therefore, existing AI systems cannot realistically have the domain-general cognitive capacities that humans have. [Made with elements from freepik.com.]
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 12, 2026, 6:10 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

It this piques your interest, you also absolutely need to check out @olivia.science's piece on 'Models'.

📝 Guest, O. (2026). Models. Zenodo. doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

Trust me! You will not regret it 😎

Models
Olivia Guest
Department ofCognitiveScience & Artificial Intelligence
Radboud University
TheNetherlands
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour
Radboud University
TheNetherlands
Modelsincognitiveandrelatedsciencesarepartofanoverarchingmethodology,computational
or broadly formal modelling, that aims to test, refine, and showcase our understandings of
brain, cognition, and behaviour.1 In their foundational book Models as Mediators, Mary S.
MorganandMargaretMorrison(1999)2 makethecasethatmodelsplayamediatoryrolein
science between what we observe and what we want to build to house our understandings,
theories. Underthisconceptionofmodels,knownasthepragmaticview,3 wecancarveout
not only their unique role, but also why and how they must be protected from forces that
do not prize understanding. Taking a broad perspective that sees all human activity that
strivestowards understanding asscientificorasunderour purviewas modellers,allowsfor
thischaracterisationofmodelsasmediatorstobemoregenerallyfruitful.4 Inthecontextof
human-centreddesign,forexample,ourtheoriesmaybeanythingfromourunderstandingof
users’ behaviours in a specific context to our understanding of what a user expects from a
productorsystema priori.
Importantly,scientificmodellingisapartfromotherscientificpraxis,suchasconcocting
a verbal or formal theory or designing and running experiments.5 Models, as described by
MorrisonandMorgan,6 have the followingcharacteristics:
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 12, 2026, 6:04 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

We've been (re)reading 'Models as Mediators' by Mary Morgan & Margaret Morrison in @compcogsci.bsky.social lab. Absolutely invigorated & inspired by today's discussion, where we all shared lessons/insights we took away. Many thanks to @olivia.science for always invaluable extra contextualisations.

Cover of the edited book 'Models as Mediators' by Mary Morgan and Margaret Morrison: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/models-as-mediators/FBB3EA4AECAF824AD6F1E6C650CAE3AE
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 8:09 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

mu.social/profile/iris...

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 10:51 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

"When we critique Al, we should do so with intellectual honesty and in a principled way.
Utmost care is needed to avoid ethics washing, greenwashing, and generally — what we dub - critical washing. Critical reflection cannot be reduced to a mere 'check box' before unleashing Al technologies in our daily life after all (as has been done in other areas such as vaping and combustion engines). Researching and reflecting on the harms of Al is not itself harm reduction. It may even contribute to rationalizing, normalizing, and enabling harm. Critical reflection without appropriate action is thus quintessentially critical washing."
—Suarez, Müller, Guest, & van Rooij (2025)
https://zenodo.org/records/15677840
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 7:10 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

"Of course, we have to teach our students about AI technologies. Teaching about AI technologies should be just like how we teach ‘no smoking’ or the causal links between lung cancer and cigarette smoke; yet, we do not teach students how to roll cigarettes and smoke them." zenodo.org/records/2008...

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 10:47 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

bsky.app/profile/iris...

@olivia.scienceOct 10, 2026, 6:33 AMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

💯

> The rebranding is also a distraction, redirecting public attention away from resource-pillaging data centers, a fragile economic bubble and rising safety concerns.

This is a core MO of the industry to avoid critique and escape regulation. doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

intelligence.” It shows that since the start imprecise jargon was used to make exaggerated promises
with the goal to please investors, claims that fundamentally remain promises to this day.
Although some differentiate AI and non-AI systems by appealing to generative models versus
other types of AI, we are convinced that this does not bring clarity to the discussion, and we can
fall head first into misuse of terminology and fostering industry hype (see Table 1 and Figure 1; cf.
Guest 2025). Granting that distinction, for example, makes classifiers such as Bernoulli naive Bayes,
formally a generative model, AI technology similar to hyped applications (Efron 1975; Jebara 2004;
Mitchell 1997; Ng and Jordan 2001; Xue and Titterington 2008). However, a statistical model like the
Bernoulli naive Bayes classifier, which is used to analyse data, is unrelated to industry hype. By the same
token, spellcheck software (which has not historically been composed of generative nor stochastic
models) also falls under AI in some definitions, but not under others. Similar terminological problems
also hold for phrases like ‘agentic AI’ (Chawla et al. 2024; Hosseini and Seilani 2025) — systems that
can autonomously adapt their environment, make context-sensitive ‘decisions’, and act upon them
without any human intervention. Formally, systems like thermostats, microwave ovens, and traffic
lights are agentic in this sense and fall under AI, but are not products we wish to proscribe. Informally,
however, ‘agentic’ is misused to induce anthropomorphisation that we cannot endorse (cf. Bandura
2001; Barrow 2024; Helfrich 2024).
There is nothing privileged about generative AI, nor any AI technology, in any pedagogical or
sociotechnical sense (see Table 1). Importantly, all technology under our purview as academics, ought
to fall under the same critical considerations. Thus, to frame generative AI as unique or dramatically
different to other AI systems appears anti-intellectual. Recall that gene…
The Euler diagram in Figure 1 demonstrates that such hyped labels — Large Language Model
(LLM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), generative model, chatbot — are interwoven in complicated
ways such that their referents remain ambiguous (cf. Guest 2025). Importantly, this holds under any
rearrangement of the sets and elements: one cannot use these words without encountering additional
problems and fostering ambiguity (Alkhatib 2024). We cannot escape this quagmire with more jargon.
And so, we are convinced that when the technology industry presents use cases for the label generative
AI (such as for LLMs, but not Bernoulli naive Bayes; Figure 1), this is a strategy to elicit confused
responses against ‘generative AI,’ deflecting attention from other problematic AI systems (Table 1).
This feeds into the hype and obstructs a more general critique of similar unethical or unwanted AI
systems (cf. Guest 2025). Should we continue down this road, the technology industry will slip through
such a distinction, skipping from terminology to terminology, consolidating its power. It has indeed
done so many times before by using previous phrases as buzzwords like big data, machine learning
@olivia.scienceOct 9, 2026, 4:27 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

Happy Friday! Here's a site I've built because I've been thinking about it & want to see more of it in the world: a space for describing and sharing scholarly skills that I've picked up and nurtured over the years. Also this is a no AI zone in at least two ways: no talking about it and no using it.

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 7:24 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

"[While] the cognitive revolution seemed to be a radical breakaway from behaviorism (...) several similarities between behaviorism and CogSci [remain] today such as the hope for a reductionist account of the mind, and a neglect of the use of phenomenological introspection." -- Pléh & Gurova (2013)

EXISTING AND WOULD-BE ACCOUNTS OF
THE HISTORY OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE: AN
INTRODUCTION1
Csaba Pléh and Lilia Gurova
Science [...] is the source of a deep tension in the modern world. On the one hand, we have
been formed by the traditions of our culture. [...] On the other hand, modern empirical
sciences have reshaped our world and the way this whole world is interpreted. (Hans-
Georg Gadamer 1983: 209)
In this introductory chapter, the authors have three aims:
1) To summarize the accepted vision of the history of cognitive science, and somehow
characterize the different weights put on different historical and substantial parts of the
story, according to the sometimes diverging constituting disciplines.
2) To show that in (especially continental) European philosophy and psychology, there is
an alternative prehistory of cognitive science, along the lines introduced by Brook (this
volume).
3) Finally to indicate how some of the recent developments can be seen as replies to the
traditional challenges regarding the supposedly reductionist theories of the mind.

PDF: https://ia601405.us.archive.org/12/items/historyof-cog-sci/HistoryofCogSci.pdf
@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 10:49 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

Photo, no description
@olivia.scienceOct 8, 2026, 12:58 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

Worth a (re)watch — except the bits where she mentions me, I skip those 🫣

@irisvanrooij.bsky.socialOct 9, 2026, 5:37 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

🎶 Critical AI Literacy 🎶

www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Sb...

@olivia.scienceOct 9, 2026, 2:22 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

I gave a version of this talk just now to PhD candidate students and it was such a cool and great experience! I am always so blown away by how ethical, caring, curious, etc., they are and especially so compared to certain colleagues. ☺️

@olivia.scienceOct 4, 2026, 12:55 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

🍃 What happens when these ideas radiate outwards from cognitive science?

What Does ‘Human-Centred AI’ Mean? doi.org/10.3390/bs16...

Understanding Artificial Neural Networks: Mysterianism about Known Mechanism is Mysticism doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

@olivia.scienceOct 4, 2026, 12:55 PMReposted by @compcogsci.bsky.social

🍃 How do we use formal models to reason about cognition?

Models doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

On Models, Prediction, and Scientific Roles Thereof: Commentary on Sanbonmatsu et al. (2025) doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

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