Old European buildings sometimes contain carved “witch marks”. This marks were apotropaic symbols intended to turn away harm. Protection was literally built into the walls.

Old European buildings sometimes contain carved “witch marks”. This marks were apotropaic symbols intended to turn away harm. Protection was literally built into the walls.
Naturally holed stones were called hag stones or adder stones. Folklore said looking through one might reveal what ordinary eyes could not see.
A feather-woven cord found in a Somerset attic became known as a “witch’s ladder.” Its true purpose remains debated—a perfect example of how mystery becomes folklore.