Early comet descriptions
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/fNkuHyXLDP8 #histsci #histastro
@lignedescience.social.sciences.re.ap.brid.gy
@lignedescience.social.sciences.re.ap.brid.gyEarly comet descriptions
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/fNkuHyXLDP8 #histsci #histastro
@bhgross144.bsky.socialDid #Galileo design a four-lens telescope at some point before 1630? In a new Annals of Science article, José María Moreno Madrid examines a treatise by Spanish friar Ignacio Muñoz that hints at that possibility.
![Excerpt from De Tellescopiis Stellarum by Dominican firar Ignacio Muñoz.
**Latin text**
De Tellescopiis Stellarum
156] Anno 1666 in civitate Mexicana die 8 Augusti Pro RexNovae Hispaniae D. Antonio de Toledo, Marchio de Manseramihi accommodavit Tellescopium fabricatum a Galilaeocuius fabricam examinavi, ut videre est in sequentibusproportionibus, et mensuris. Constat specillis 4. Primumspecillum lenticulare ut in .A. cuius semidiameter .A.B. etlunula eius .C. Exterior. Et .C.D. circellus, seu annulusretinens lunulam.Haec approximatur oculo, sed oculus ponitur in .E.respiciens per parvum foramen quasi pupilla oculi distat avitro .A. distantia .E.A.Secundum specillum omnino aequale est primo .C. et eiussemidiameter .A.F. quam etiam (re exactius examinata)judico esse veram semidiametrum primi specilli. Distatsecunda luna a prima quanta est linea sequens.G. Hic lunasecunda est lenticularis.
**English translation**
On the Telescopes of the Stars
156] On August 8, 1666, in Mexico City, the viceroy of NewSpain D. Antonio de Toledo, Marquis of Mancera, handed mea telescope fabricated by Galileo, the construction of which Iexamined, as can be seen in the following proportions andmeasurements. It consists of four lenses. The first lens islenticular, as in .A., whose semi-diameter is .A.B., and itscurved surface (lunula) is .C. – exterior – and .C.D. is thesmall ring holding the lens surface (lunula).It is brought close to the eye, but the eye is set at .E., lookingthrough a small hole about the size of the pupil. The eye isdistant from the glass .A. the distance .E.A.The second lens is entirely the same as the first .C. andits semidiameter is .A.F., which, upon closer examination,I judge to be the true semidiameter of the first lens.The second lens is as distant from the first as the length ofthe following line .G. This second lens is lenticular.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_fullsize/plain/did:plc:gctqfxnif4zrn7rw76gnzzcu/bafkreicc46auqaerbrxocbhvxoknkgf5yfoo7sj75tv4znomw5dm4fgubm@jpeg)