🧨Role of the #ChoroidPlexus in Neuro-COVID
According to the study, the choroid plexus plays a significant role in #neuro-COVID , particularly in patients with #encephalopathy and IND. Its involvement is highlighted by several observations:

Proteins Exclusively Detected in Specific Groups:
#Encephalopathy: No specific biological process enrichment was found for proteins exclusively detected in this group.
🤕 Isolated Refractory Headache: Proteins exclusively detected were enriched for factors associated with cell-cell adhesion.

This indicates the involvement of both cortical and subcortical brain structures.
Inflammatory Neurological Diseases (IND) Specific Cell Type: CSF from IND patients had an increased proportion of proteins mapped specifically to microglia.
#Encephalopathy Specific Cell Type:

neurons and mapped to the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.
#Encephalopathy and Inflammatory IND: The CSF from patients with encephalopathy and IND had 🧠 tissue-mapped proteins mainly associated with the cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, and thalamus.

#Encephalopathy: Characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction, including convulsions, and alterations in cognition, consciousness, personality, or behavior, without signs of acute Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation. The major criterion was altered mental status,

🧠 Isolated Refractory Headache vs. Non-Infected Controls: Processes associated with complement and coagulation cascades were downregulated.
🧠 Encephalopathy vs. Isolated Refractory headache 🤕 : Patients with #encephalopathy showed a downregulation of factors related to adult & locomotory behavior,

🧠 #Encephalopathy and IND vs. Non-Infected Controls: Upregulated proteins were primarily associated with complement and coagulation cascades, particularly the classical pathway of complement activation, and synapse pruning.

This is evidenced by elevated levels of C3a & soluble C5b-9 in CSF of affected patients. The complement & #coagulation cascades were found to be upregulated in #encephalopathy& IND patients vs to controls, while downregulated in patients with isolated #refractoryheadache.

Initiating #hormone replacement therapy within 5 years of menopause and continuing treatment for 8 to 16 years was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of developing TDP-43 #encephalopathy neuropathological changes in older women.

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