La vieille maison qui s'écroule définitivement. Ça fait un petit quelque chose quand-même.

Travaillant sur Wo, je tombe sur cette artiste allemande exilée dont j'ignorais tout jusqu'à présent. Son nom ? Helen Ernst.

incroyable

12. The paper is therefore also a contribution to historical epistemology: an attempt to study economics through its cultures of quantification, its institutions, and the forms of expertise it made possible.

11. This fracture did not simply divide university economists from polytechnicians: it ran through both worlds.

10. Conjuncturists such as Alfred Sauvy treated data as historical and social material requiring contextual knowledge and judgment. Econometricians such as François Divisia and Robert Gibrat sought to connect measurement to formalised, statistically testable models.

9. The question, then, was how statistics and theory should be related.

8. This consensus was fundamentally interdisciplinary. It was shaped especially by François Simiand and Albert Aftalion, but it also belongs to a wider intellectual space linking Durkheimian sociology, Annales history, administrative statistics, and economics.

7. We argue instead that a “positivist consensus” emerged: a shared commitment to articulating theoretical explanations with empirical (primarily statistical) observation. Consensus, here, did not mean unanimity. It provided common ground from which new conflicts could emerge.

6. In its cruder version, the former represent science and modernity, while the latter embody literary or backward-looking economics. Convenient, perhaps, but wrong.

5. Third narrative: this intellectual opposition maps neatly onto an institutional divide between brillant polytechnicians and lousy university economists.

4. Second narrative: French economics remained divided between mathematical economics and historicism. Yet, in the interwar period, the central issue was no longer whether statistics should be used (this was broadly accepted) nor even whether mathematics had a place in economics.

3. But the story is less one of a discipline isolating itself through mathematics than of a broader social-scientific space in which statistics, observation, and theory became common concerns.

2. First narrative: French economics became mathematical in the 1930s, in contrast with developments in the other social sciences.

L'INE, c'est dans la tête.

Mise à jour: on a atteint le niveau Gilet Jaune

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Des jouets de plus en plus réalistes.

The French police are so militarized they blew up a 15-yr-old’s hand and took the eye of another one. Why are grenades being used to quell student protestors who are unarmed? Now the labour unions are stepping in to protect the students