Analyzing academic affiliations of 6,000 award-winning researchers in 18 major fields in the natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences from the 1820s to the 2020s, focusing on the 1960s onward, from Richard B. Freeman, Danxia Xie, Hanzhe Zhang, and Hanzhang Zhou www.nber.org/papers/w35875

Hybrid tax planning strategies accounted for 36 percent of foreign profits of US multinational companies in 2016. A structural model quantifies planning costs, tax revenue losses, and investment implications, from Altshuler, Boller, Roberts, and Suárez Serrato www.nber.org/papers/w35874

The 1982 Tylenol recall, which likely reduced acetaminophen use in pregnant women and fetal exposure, was not associated with changes in autism or ADHD among affected cohorts, from Christopher M. Worsham, Charles Bray, Joshua Rothman, Brian Kwan, and Anupam Jena www.nber.org/papers/w35873

Using a randomized controlled trial to identify heterogeneous impacts in the presence of noncompliance, from Orazio Attanasio, Lina Cardona-Sosa, and Ziqian Liu www.nber.org/papers/w35872

Long-term air pollution exposure increases chronic disease, especially hypertension, even among young, healthy adults. New evidence from US Army personnel, from Joshua S. Graff Zivin, Johnny Huynh, Timothy Frank Justicz, Adriana Lleras-Muney, and Matthew J. Neidell www.nber.org/papers/w35871

A safe tier of social media usage lets teens keep their friends without the harmful features, aligning platform and user incentives to enforce age limits on social media, from Leonardo Bursztyn, Rafael Jiménez-Durán, Aaron Leonard, Filip Milojević, and Christopher Roth www.nber.org/papers/w35870

Novel database of Russell 3000 corporate climate targets over 25 years enables new research of how voluntary commitments interact with carbon pricing, regulations, and subsidies, from Joseph E. Aldy, Michael W. Toffel, Alison J. Ong, and Lavender Yang www.nber.org/papers/w35869

Line drawing is a pervasive feature of legal design. The considerations that shape the optimal line placement share a common structure across a surprisingly large number of legal domains, from @jacobsgoldin.bsky.social and David Weisbach www.nber.org/papers/w35868

How does monetary policy affect firm investment? Estimating full response distribution finds that only 5 percent of firm-time observations respond strongly; most heterogeneity remains unexplained, from @tdecon.bsky.social, Lewis, Melcangi, and @pilossopher.bsky.social www.nber.org/papers/w35867

Studying how El Salvador’s 2022 State of Exception, which ended two decades of gang territorial control, reshaped Salvadoran society, from Carlos Schmidt-Padilla, Nikita Melnikov, and María Micaela Sviatschi www.nber.org/papers/w35866

The AI buildout is historically large and financially consequential. As financing migrates off hyperscalers' balance sheets, leverage and opacity grow, from Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh www.nber.org/papers/w35865

As the US shifted from petroleum importer to net exporter, oil supply shocks became less contractionary and eventually expansionary, reflecting broader income and wealth effects, from Diego R. Känzig, James H. Stock, and Luca Zanotti www.nber.org/papers/w35864

What have we learned from two decades of research about the 2000s housing boom? Arguing that the cycle was a perfect storm that involved all the usual suspects, from Adam Guren www.nber.org/papers/w35863

Examining why rising powers survive periods in which established states can still suppress them, from Johann Caro-Burnett, Sebastian Galiani, and Gustavo Torrens www.nber.org/papers/w35862

Showing how labor supply, wages, health, and disability claims have evolved in the UK, and examining how reforms have changed work incentives over this period, from Richard Blundell, Monica Costa-Dias, Graham Mazeine, Costas Meghir, and Tom Waters www.nber.org/papers/w35861

Textual discussions of portfolio companies by private equity managers in the first years after the investment convey substantial information about their ultimate performance, from Josh Lerner, Fiona Paine, and Antoinette Schoar www.nber.org/papers/w35860

Open call for papers, Japan Project Meeting, 2027. Conference to be held in Tokyo, Japan on August 3–4, 2027. Submit papers by 11:59pm EDT on December 1, 2026. More information: www.nber.org/calls-papers...

Nearly one-third of US STEM PhD students now write their dissertations with AI. Rarer at top programs, more common for non-native English speakers. AI users are more likely to enter industry, from Daniel P. Gross, Dror Shvadron, and Hansen Zhang www.nber.org/papers/w35859

Exposure to large-scale stressors reduces levels of FT3, a thyroid hormone, altering relationships between FT3, body composition, and cortisol and increasing cardiometabolic risk, from Lawton, Thomas, Frankenberg, Sumantri, Seeman, Crimmins, and Hochbaum www.nber.org/papers/w35858

New machines do raise demand for skilled workers, just not at the firms that buy them. New data show the skill bias arises at suppliers that install and run them, from Gert Bijnens, Anders Humlum, and Stijn Vanormelingen www.nber.org/papers/w35857