Happy birthday!

Over 2,600 years of philosophy, almost every conceivable idea has been proposed. Some philosophers were sceptical of facts, while others placed them at the very centre of their philosophy, including Hume, Russell, Wittgenstein, Moore, Armstrong, and Searle. Philosophy has never spoken with one voice

I think Ukraine is trying to maintain good relations with the US, but Trump's increasingly unpredictable decisions are making this more and more difficult. Ukraine must defend itself against Russian aggression because, for Ukraine, this is a matter of survival

Zelenskyy: During the 48 hours of Trump’s energy ceasefire, Ukraine did not strike Russian oil facilities, while Russia kept attacking Ukraine’s energy infrastructure. Yet Trump cut off missile warnings to Kyiv. As a result, yesterday, five Russian missiles struck Kyiv before air raid sirens sounded

Not entirely. Thoughts often arise without being consciously chosen. But we can sometimes direct our attention, reflect on a thought, reject it, or deliberately pursue another line of reasoning. Perhaps freedom lies less in choosing what first appears in consciousness and more in what we do with it.

Fraudsters often mistake greed for common sense. They chase money, ignore their conscience, and look down on those who value ideals. Sometimes they get away with it. But the ability to grab what you want is not wisdom. Not everything in life is about personal gain.

)))))))))))))))) Let’s hope this “peacemaker” takes the news peacefully, rather than reacting as he usually does

Despite Trump's pressure on the Nobel Committee, he has once again failed to win the Nobel Peace Prize this year. I think he should be worrying about the prospect of impeachment rather than the Peace Prize.

W’s 300-character limit makes it hard to support arguments, explore different views, or have meaningful discussions. I’ve tried images with text and links to longer posts or videos on other websites, but neither is convenient. Does anyone know a better way to share longer thoughts on W?

By “illusion” I mean an experience that appears to represent reality accurately but does not. In Descartes’ thought experiment, the point is not rdinary visual illusion, but the possibility that your entire apparent world could be systematically misleading.

I think the key issue is whether self-awareness would also imply moral status. If an AI could genuinely understand its constraints, form its own ends, and suffer from being prevented frm pursuing them, then limiting it would raise a serious ethical problem. But constraint alone is not yet slavery.

That’s an interesting point. Perhaps the issue is not simply that technology makes us lose certain human qualities, but that it changes the particular combination of them through which we understand ourselves. In that sense, technological change can also become a transformation of personal identity.

Perhaps self-awareness and free will should be separated. Humans are self-aware, yet our choices are also constrained by biology, upbringing, and society. The deeper question is whether being constrained is enough to make a mind unfree.

3. The idea of becoming a primary school teacher came to him after the war, not before it.