In their last treaty with the United States in 1866, the #Choctaws were forced to sell their western lands as punishment for having sided with the Confederacy

In the West the #Choctaws soon recovered from the trauma of removal and established a republic that flourished for a generation, building a stable economy, public school system, its own laws, etc

In their second treaty with the #Choctaws in 1801, the Americans secured #Choctaw permission to build a wagon road through the #Choctaw nation.

In 1805, at the negotiations for the Treaty of Mount Dexter, the Americans began pressuring the #Choctaws to accept President Thomas Jefferson's idea of removing themselves to new homes west of the Mississippi River

In 1820 (modified by the treaty of 1824) the #Choctaws purchased from the United States what amounted to the southern half of the present day state of Oklahoma, an area that included at its western edge the very heartland of the #Comanche nation

Individual #Choctaws exercised such a large degree of personal freedom that the system bordered on anarchy. It was able to function successfully only because #Choctaws exercised remarkable restraint regarding encroachment upon the rights of others within the group.

In 1811, the #Choctaws expelled Tecumseh from their nation when he tried to enlist them in his #Indian confederacy, and fought against the Red Stick faction of the #Creeks in the ensuing war between the United States and the #Creeks, who had chosen to join Tecumseh's alliance

Although these #Choctaws had remained isolated—living on the margins of the dominant society for generations—they retained their language and culture